A Case Of Mecial Ethical Dilemma - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 972 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/05/18 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Ethical Dilemma Essay Did you like this example? An elderly woman, age 91, named T.B was found unresponsive. Emergency services was called and for approximately 45 minutes, attempts were made to revive her and to regain a heartbeat. Although she regained a heartbeat, she did suffer an anoxic injury to her brain because of the extended period without oxygen to her brain. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Case Of Mecial Ethical Dilemma" essay for you Create order She is now on life support and is developing pressure sores because of being bed bound for so long and is also developing pneumonia because of using a ventilator for a long period of time. T.B has three children who are adults, and concerned about their mothers future. The doctors explain to them that their mother has no quality of life, her prognosis is poor, she is very advanced in age and her neurological status is not getting better. Taking into consideration all this, the doctors recommend putting a do not resuscitate (DNR) order into her chart and taking her off life support. Naturally, this has stirred up many different emotions in T. Bs children and has caused them to be divided as to what to do. This case is very delicate because it deals with human life and whether it would be ethical to keep her on life support or not. Careful deliberation will have to be made to make the best decision possible. Medical Indicators The patients medical problem is an anoxic brain injury. The article Evoked potentials not just to confirm hopelessness in anoxic brain injury states, Complete cerebral circulatory arrest and oxygen deprivation cause unconsciousness within seconds (Kreiger, 1998, p.1). The brain can survive only a few minutes without oxygen so making a full recovery from this is very rare. T. Bs prognosis is very poor, and her case is terminal. As stated in Legal and Ethical Issues for Health Professionals Although there may be a duty to provide life-sustaining equipment there is no duty to continue its use after it has become futile and ineffective to do so in the opinion of qualified medical personnel (Pozgar, 2016, p. 125). Even if T. Bs neurological status did improve and she did make a recovery, the damage she sustained is already severe and the quality of life she would lead would be poor. Given T.Bs advanced age. the possibility of recovery is little to none and medical and nursing care would b e of little help to her if she made a recovery, because she is now permanently disabled. Patient References T. B has not been made aware of the risks and benefits of being on life support or the termination of life support. The patient is unresponsive and currently does not have the mental capacity to grasp the intensity of her situation and she has not stated what she would like done incase a situation like this should occur. She does have three adult children capable of making decisions for her. Although they are divided on what the best decision is to make, they each want to do what is best for their mother. The patient is not unwilling or being uncooperative or denying medical treatment. Quality of Life Without the patient being on life support, there would be little chance of a normal life because the patient would not survive. With the patient being on the treatment, there is also little chance of having a normal life because T. B would be bedbound. The doctors can judge her quality of life because having a patient that suffered an anoxic brain injury, medical personnel would know that there is little to no chance of having a normal life. An article called Euthanasia statesthe motive is to relieve comatoseness, physical suffering, anxiety or a serious sense of burdensomeness to self and others (Frederich Tischauser, 2013). Taking T. B off life support would be reliving her of any physical suffering she might have to endure or might have to live with. It would also relieve the children of the trauma of seeing their mother with a disability and ultimately dying. The ethics of euthanasia are highly debatable; some agree with it and think that you are saving that person from a life o f pain. Others disagree and according to the article Top Ten Reasons Euthanasia Should be Illegal, Euthanasia is the conscious act of ending a life by withholding necessary treatment (passive euthanasia) (Anderson, 2015). In the article, Anderson goes on to say that euthanasia can be viewed as murder by some. Many would disagree with this because although euthanasia is debatable, there are many benefits to it. Contextual Features There are no professional, business interests or interprofessional interests that might create conflicts in the clinical treatment of the patient. There are not any other parties interested in this case except the family members and the doctors. There are also no known religious or monetary issues that would prevent them from making a decision. However, there are health issues that would affect the decision; the patient is developing bed sores from being bedbound for a long time and pneumonia because of prolonged use of the treatment. On top of dealing with a permanent disability, if she gets well, she would also have to deal with pneumonia and bed ulcers; at her age, this could be life threatening. There are not conflicts within hospitals that may affect the patients welfare and clinical decisions. Conclusion The correct decision must be made in this situation. Taking T. B off life support would be the best situation in this case. In the article Active and Passive Physician-Assisted Dying and the Terminal Disease Requirement, Varelius statesa patients disease is terminal when it leads to her death within a given period, usually that of six months (2016. P. 2) T. B did suffer a terminal injury and her chances of living and prognosis is not good. In this case, removal of life support would be the best decision.

A Research Study On Group Dynamics - 1671 Words

In group dynamics, the attitudes and behaviors of a group are the main concern to any therapist. More so, the way the group is formed, its structure and processes involved in its running are equally important. People in a particular group share a common vision to help achieve the goals they set. When creating a group, one should take into consideration the type of group to create, the target population and the purpose of the group. In this project I will create a therapy group and address the necessary information required. In classifying a group of choice by type, the group can either be formal in which is established by a given organization with an aim of achieving its goals or an informal group, where they naturally develop as people with similar goals come together. There are three main types of informal groups which includes interest groups, friendships groups and reference groups. I am going to develop a therapy group and specifically an adolescent support-group therapy. This group is aimed at helping (gay/lesbians/bisexuals) g/l/b teen aged students are able to learn major topics affecting their lives such as peer pressure, dating, family relationship and self-esteem. This will help have a socially healthy group of teenagers in our society as they will develop or learn necessary life skills during the study sections. Also, the issues of teenage pregnancy will be addressed together with drug use in the society. Deep analysis of drug abuse and addiction will a majorShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Group Dynamics On The Productivity Of An Organization1701 Words   |  7 Pages Impacts of Group Dynamics on the Productivity of an Organization Organizations around the globe understand clearly the needs of the people they serve. For employees, the need for training is always to enhance their capacity in a way that helps them to perform their work effectively. 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Foreign Exchange Management in Perfect Pieces Limited Free Essays

Ltd is exposed to foreign exchange risk because it buys some of its production inputs from overseas and pays for them in foreign currency; has sales revenue in foreign currency and competes with other manufacturers whose costs are denominated in foreign currency. The company imports from New Zealand, Japan, and the United States. The company’s foreign currency payable are in the US Lars, NZ dollars, and Japanese yen. We will write a custom essay sample on Foreign Exchange Management in Perfect Pieces Limited or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the other hand, the sales are mostly conducted in US dollars. Proceedings of the International Academy for Case Studies, Volume 10, Number 2 Lass Vegas, 2003 page 74 UP Lad’s exposure environment consisted predominantly of the US dollars, the NZ dollar, and the Japanese yen. The foreign currency denominated sales were about 52 percent of total sales: 40 percent in US dollars, and 12 percent in New Zealand dollars. The company’s estimate of US dollar denominated payable was 36 percent of total sales: 19 percent in US dollars, 12 percent in Japanese yen, and 5 percent in New Zealand dollars. In general UP Ltd gives customers an average credit period of between 3 to 6 months while the average credit period for all foreign currency denominated payable was 3 months. There was therefore a working capital gap as the collection of accounts receivable was longer than accounts payable. This situation was made worse by the fact that 40 per cent of the sales were denominated in US dollars and the US dollar was weakening against the Australian dollar. There was no cover taken out for the exposure in US dollars because the financial accountant who acted as the company’s exposure manager thought the US dollar would shortly strengthen. Previously the US dollar was stronger than the Australian dollar and the company had gained from the US dollar denominated receivables. This experience had apparently, surprisingly, made the company’s exposure manager consider it inappropriate to hedge the US dollar. The responsibility for identifying FEMME was in the hands of a financial accountant, with the assistance of the general manager. They hedged 50 per cent of the transactions for accounts payable in Japanese yen, and accounts receivable in New Zealand dollars. The financial accountant, in consultation with the general manager, bought forward contracts to cover the exposures. Most senior members of the company were concerned with manufacturing, promoting and marketing products rather than foreign exchange exposure management. It was increasingly becoming difficult for the general manager to meet the financial accountant in order to manage FEE because the general manager had to deal with other company duties. Previously, the general manager and the financial accountant met at least once a day to assess foreign exchange market movements. The increasing inability to meet the general manager as frequently as before was making the financial accountant concerned. The financial accountant was anxious that he should be left alone to make decisions in matters as volatile as the foreign exchange movements. The financial accountant felt that it was important to specify Job descriptions in order to attach responsibility for the monitoring and compilation of foreign exchange information. Presumably, he hoped, that would lead to increasing resources in his section. He explained: The two clerks in my section are responsible for helping me in ash management, pension management, as well as compiling foreign exchange exposure management forecasts. The finance section is very understaffed. The engineering and marketing functions were considered more important than financial management. The finance section was not only understaffed, but it also lacked properly qualified and experienced personnel. The general manager thought that taking personal interest in treasury matters would mitigate the sense of alienation that was perceived by the financial accountant. The lack of understanding about the importance of FEMME among most of the company officers was discernible urine the interview. Most senior managers considered the primary tasks in the company to be the operational activities, namely; manufacturing, procurement, and selling. Lass Vegas, 2003 page 75 In terms of the organizational structure for exposure management, members of the company felt that centralization should be pursued subject to other considerations. One senior member of the company said: The task of identifying and managing foreign exchange exposure is too onerous to be left in the hands of only one functional unit The financial accountant was a relatively Junior officer in the company and had robbers in trying to obtain information he needed to manage exposure. Since FEE is a result of activities that transcend one functional unit, and can be constrained by lack of resources such as trained and experienced staff, and lack of appropriate equipment, this seemed to call for a company-wide policy from the top. The dialogue with most members of the company confirmed that there was no company-wide policy for FEMME. The next point was to consider the extent of risk aversion. Most members of the company were keen that currency risk should be avoided as much as possible. Some of the members wondered why the company should not invoice customers in Australian dollars rather than foreign currencies. As to the general attitude to foreign exchange risk, some members said that they generally preferred average expected return with average risk to high return with high risk for any business involving foreign currency denominated receivables and/or payable. But if the company was considering projects which involved no foreign currency receivables or payable, then high expected return and high risk projects could be considered. One of the senior officers, however, pointed out that foreign exchange considerations are but one factor. He was supported by another senior officer who said that sometimes the company may have other overriding strategic considerations to take into account, such as obtaining a share of the market even if that means at the expense of incurring foreign exchange loss. The company’s foreign exchange rate forecasts were mainly obtained from banks and publications such as the Financial Review newspaper. The information on foreign exchange rates was prepared manually. The lack of computerizing was considered hindrance to better monitoring of exposure management. The influence of the satisfaction with previous foreign exchange forecasts on hedging could only be commented on by the financial accountant and the general manager who carried out hedging of FEE. They both said that satisfaction with previous foreign exchange forecasts had minimum influence on the way they hedged. They were not confident with the forecasts they used. As they said: Foreign exchange forecasts are Just forecasts, they are never the same as the actual exchange rates so we are usually less confident about them. The extent of hedging is a situational matter. UP Ltd was involved in foreign exchange transactions at least once a fortnight. It was evident that the intensity of involvement in foreign exchange transactions did not have any influence on the hedging behavior. In spite of the fact that the US dollar denominated receivables were left exposed, Proceedings of the International Academy for Case Studies, Volume 10, Number 2 page 76 most members felt that the extent of involvement in foreign currency denominated business should be accompanied by more hedging activity. How to cite Foreign Exchange Management in Perfect Pieces Limited, Papers