Proceso de deportación en EEUU Pasos, apelaciones y tus opciones

La deportacià ³n es un proceso complejo que puede demorarse aà ±os. Durante este trà ¡mite, algunos migrantes tienen la opcià ³n de solicitar diversos alivios que les permitan permanecer en Estados Unidos. A continuacià ³n exploramos los pasos del proceso de deportacià ³n, los diferentes trà ¡mites y audiencias, los plazos, los posibles resultados, y las opciones con las que cuentan los migrantes que enfrentan una orden de deportacià ³n. Pasos de proceso de deportacià ³n y apelacià ³n Notificacià ³n de comparecencia. El migrante recibe carta en la que se especifican los cargos y se le cita para que se presente en corte.Audiencia previa. El migrante se presenta en corte y comunica cuà ¡l va a ser su estrategia frente a los cargos. Se le notifica cuà ¡les documentos debe enviar, cà ³mo y cuà ¡ndo. Tambià ©n se le cita para la siguiente audiencia.Audiencia de mà ©ritos. El migrante se defiende de los cargos y presenta testigos.Sentencia. El juez puede conceder un alivio al migrante u ordenar su deportacià ³n.Apelaciones. Tras la sentencia, el migrante y el abogado del gobierno tienen un plazo de 30 dà ­as para apelar ante el Tribunal de Apelaciones de Inmigracià ³n (BIA). En algunos casos, la sentencia del BIA puede ser apelada ante una corte federal de apelaciones.Ejecucià ³n de la sentencia. Se arreglan los papeles para la deportacià ³n o para proceder con la medida de alivio acordada en corte. Pasos en proceso de deportacià ³n de migrantes en EEUU Cada caso migratorio y proceso de deportacià ³n es diferente; sin embargo, las leyes establecen una serie de documentos y audiencias que deben cumplirse. Notificacià ³n de comparecencia El Departamento de Seguridad Interna (DHS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) suele ser el ente que inicia los trà ¡mites de deportacià ³n. Todos los migrantes que han cometido ciertos delitos o violaciones migratorias pueden ser puestos en un proceso de deportacià ³n, aunque tanto ICE como USCIS tienen sus prioridades. Cuando se inicia el proceso de deportacià ³n, primero el DHS emite un documento llamado Notificacià ³n de Comparecencia (notice to appear), que es una carta en la que se especifican las violaciones de la ley migratoria de las que se acusa al migrante, asà ­ como la fecha y el lugar donde este debe presentarse ante una corte de inmigracià ³n. Tras recibir la notificacià ³n de comparecencia, el migrante debe decidir si se representa a sà ­ mismo, si contrata a un abogado o si logra obtener la representacià ³n de un abogado  bona fide, es decir, que no cobre por su trabajo. Los migrantes tambià ©n pueden ser defendidos por representantes acreditados, quienes tienen un costo menor al de los abogados. A diferencia de lo que ocurre en los casos penales, en asuntos migratorios el gobierno federal no està ¡ obligado a proporcionar abogado a los acusados que no pueden pagar por los servicios de un profesional. Si el acusado ignora la citacià ³n, las autoridades proceden a dictar una orden de deportacià ³n en ausencia. Audiencia para solicitar libertad Los migrantes detenidos pueden, en algunos casos, solicitar que se les deje libres mientras se resuelve su caso de deportacià ³n. Como regla general, pueden hacer esa solicitud el dà ­a que comparecen por primera vez ante el juez para la audiencia del calendario maestro. Cabe destacar que no todos los migrantes detenidos pueden solicitar ser puestos en libertad. La ley excluye especà ­ficamente a los migrantes que se encuentren en una las siguientes circunstancias: Detenidos en un paso migratorio de EE.UU., es decir, como arriving aliensPersonas que no fueron admitidas legalmente a los EE.UU.Quienes representan una amenaza a la seguridad nacional de EE.UU.Quienes han cometido felonà ­as violentas o relacionadas con robos, drogas o fraudes en EE.UU. En los demà ¡s casos, el juez tiene potestad de decidir si concede la libertad al migrante mientras se desarrolla el proceso de deportacià ³n. La libertad puede ser bajo fianza, bajo palabra o mediante el compromiso de llevar un grillete electrà ³nico. La fianza mà ­nima es de $1.500, pero los montos pueden ascender a $20.000. Si el juez concede la fianza, se establecerà ¡ una nueva fecha para la audiencia del calendario maestro para que el migrante pueda pagarla y presentarse ya en libertad. Audiencia del calendario maestro La vista del calendario maestro (master calendar hearing) es una audiencia previa a la comparecencia en la corte de inmigracià ³n. El trà ¡mite se demora entre 15 y 30 minutos. El migrante puede estar acompaà ±ado de sus familiares, pero se recomienda que solo acudan si tienen estatus legal, ya que se arriesgan a ser arrestados. En esta audiencia previa, el juez lee los cargos y el migrante debe admitirlos o negarlos. Si no se siente cà ³modo hablando en inglà ©s, puede solicitar los servicios de un intà ©rprete de forma gratuita. Luego, el juez, el abogado del gobierno y el migrante (o su representante) hablan sobre cuà ¡l va a ser la estrategia del migrante frente a los cargos. En este momento, el migrante puede solicitar un alivio de deportacià ³n. Segà ºn la estrategia, el juez establece un calendario para la entrega de documentacià ³n y la audiencia principal, conocida en inglà ©s como individual hearing o merits hearing. El migrante puede solicitar otra audiencia de calendario maestro si no ha tenido tiempo para encontrar un abogado que se haga cargo de su caso o lo acaba de encontrar y el letrado necesita mà ¡s tiempo para estudiarlo. Al finalizar la vista del calendario maestro, el migrante recibe una notificacià ³n en la que se establece la fecha de su audiencia de mà ©ritos (merits hearing) o, en su caso, de una nueva vista del calendario maestro. Alivios de deportacià ³n: entrega de documentos Ante un caso de deportacià ³n, el migrante puede solicitar uno o varios de los alivios para parar la deportacià ³n como, por ejemplo, salida voluntaria, ajuste de estatus, cancelacià ³n, suspensià ³n de la deportacià ³n, asilo, etc. El migrante debe presentar la aplicacià ³n del alivio que busque y los documentos de apoyo, incluyendo el formulario correspondiente. Tambià ©n debe pagar la tarifa dentro del plazo que fijà ³ el juez en la vista preliminar del calendario. En algunos casos, es posible solicitar una exencià ³n del pago de la tarifa. Copias de esta documentacià ³n deben enviarse al DHS. El hecho de no enviar la documentacià ³n, la aplicacià ³n y la tarifa correspondiente dentro del plazo designado equivale al abandono del caso, y el juez ordenarà ¡ la deportacià ³n del migrante sin esperar a su merits hearing. Audiencia de mà ©ritos Merits hearing es el nombre en inglà ©s de la audiencia mà ¡s importante en un proceso de deportacià ³n. En esta audiencia de mà ©ritos, el migrante debe exponer ante el juez de inmigracià ³n cuà ¡les son sus razones para permanecer en EE.UU. El juez revisa la documentacià ³n presentada, asà ­ como correcciones o nuevos documentos. Luego, el migrante es interrogado por su abogado (si lo tiene) y el del gobierno. Seguidamente, son interrogados los testigos, si los hubiera. Para el cierre de la audiencia, el migrante o su abogado declara las razones por las que deberà ­a ser concedido el alivio de la deportacià ³n, y luego el abogado del gobierno expone las causas por las que deberà ­a ser negado. La audiencia de mà ©ritos puede tomar varias horas o, incluso, varios dà ­as. Decisià ³n del juez Al acabar las exposiciones finales, el juez puede dictar sentencia oralmente. Sin embargo, si necesita tiempo para considerar el asunto, comunicarà ¡ su decisià ³n mà ¡s tarde y por escrito. Tras la audiencia, el juez puede hacer una de tres determinaciones: Que los cargos contra el migrante no han sido probadosQue los cargos sà ­ han sido probados pero conceder el alivio de la deportacià ³nQue los cargos son ciertos y ordenar la deportacià ³n del migrante Una vez dictada la sentencia inicia un plazo de 30 dà ­as en los que se pueden presentar apelaciones. Si ninguna de las partes apela en ese plazo, la decisià ³n se convierte en definitiva. Si el resultado del juicio es una salida voluntaria o la concesià ³n de un alivio, se celebrarà ¡ otra audiencia para arreglar toda la documentacià ³n para el migrante. Apelacià ³n de sentencia dictada por juez de Inmigracià ³n Apelacià ³n de una orden de deportacià ³n ante BIA Los migrantes o los abogados del gobierno que no està ©n de acuerdo con la sentencia dictada por el juez en el proceso de deportacià ³n pueden apelar al Tribunal de Apelaciones de Inmigracià ³n (Board of Immigration Appeals o BIA, en inglà ©s). El plazo para esta apelacià ³n es de 30 dà ­as. Apelacià ³n de una orden de deportacià ³n ante la corte federal Las decisiones del BIA pueden apelarse ante las cortes de apelaciones, que son los tribunales federales que està ¡n solo un escalafà ³n mà ¡s abajo de la Corte Suprema de los EE.UU.  ¿Cuà ¡nto tiempo se demora el proceso de la deportacià ³n? Desafortunadamente, no hay una respuesta exacta, ya que depende de las caracterà ­sticas de cada caso y del monto de trabajo de cada corte. En la actualidad, hay mà ¡s de 800.000 casos pendientes en las cortes migratorias, aunque en ese nà ºmero se incluyen todo tipo de casos, no solo de deportacià ³n. En promedio, el plazo desde que inicia el proceso a la fecha de resolucià ³n final es de 578 dà ­as. Los casos mà ¡s complicados, como los de asilo, tardan un promedio de casi tres aà ±os en resolverse. La deportacià ³n no debe confundirse con la expulsià ³n inmediata, conocida popularmente como deportacià ³n exprà ©s, ya que esta à ºltima solamente aplica a migrantes indocumentados que no pueden acreditar estancia continuada en EE.UU. por un mà ­nimo de dos aà ±os.  ¿Cuà ¡nto se produce la deportacià ³n? Una vez que se emite la orden final de deportacià ³n, el trà ¡mite para expulsar al migrante de EE.UU. puede demorarse una o dos semanas en el caso de mexicanos y nacionales de otros paà ­ses que colaboran con EE.UU. en este asunto. Sin embargo, la ejecucià ³n de la deportacià ³n puede demorarse meses en los casos de migrantes que no tiene documentacià ³n como pasaporte, certificado de nacimiento u otro documento emitido por su paà ­s, ya que debe obtenerse antes de salir de EE.UU. Si el migrante està ¡ detenido y transcurren mà ¡s de 90 dà ­as desde la fecha de la orden de deportacià ³n, podrà ­a recibir una autorizacià ³n conocida como POCR (post-order custody review) para esperar en libertad mientras llega la documentacià ³n. Finalmente, los nacionales de paà ­ses que no aceptan deportados pueden permanecer por aà ±os en EE.UU. e, incluso, indefinidamente. Fuentes: Immigration Court Practice Manual, EOIRBIA Practice ManualTà ­tulo 8 del Cà ³digo de Leyes de los Estados Unidos de Amà ©rica Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal para ningà ºn caso concreto.

The Value of a Liberal Education - 1802 Words

In today’s society we view education as many things, but among the many views and opinions of education there are two major views we see that stand out, education is a right for all and education is necessary only for finding a successful career. To be more exact, it is a college education that is or should be available to all and is only necessary for securing a successful job. But before we even begin to think about a job or whether we want to pursue our God-given right to higher education we must first start our journey at the bottom of the educational system. In our lives we all start our journey through education in the same place, the bottom of the educational system. For some this can mean something along the lines such as pre-school, private tutoring, or home-schooling. We eventually work our way up going through kindergarten, elementary school, junior high, and then eventually high school. After high school we are than left two choices, enter directly into the work fo rce, or pursue a higher education. Say we chose to pursue a higher education and go to college; we then have to make another decision, do I want go directly into a certain profession and pursue a degree for that career, or do I want expand my virtues and pursue a liberal education. For now, let us delve into the subject that is a liberal education. The beginning of liberal education spans as far back as to the time of the great Greek philosophers like Aristotle and Plato, as Chuck E. Taylor describes inShow MoreRelatedThe Value Of Liberal Education1457 Words   |  6 PagesValue of Liberal Education in Today’s Society There are many different things that we value. Someone Ã'€refers business as it sees its success, someone is trying to succeed in Ã'€olitics. Each Ã'€erson looks at things differently. But there is a grouÃ'€ that can not be severely criticized and is considered as a very imÃ'€ortant Ã'€art of our lives - it is education. Liberal education is one of the basic values of modern society and it Ã'€lays a very imÃ'€ortant role in our lives. Liberal educationRead MoreEducation And Liberal Arts Education1253 Words   |  6 PagesA study in general education (liberal arts) affects different aspects of my development both physically and mentally. A liberal arts education has shaped the form I conceive and return over individual circumstances. After attending class and reading all the benefits of a liberal arts education it has shaped the direction I held regarding a Liberal Arts education. A liberal arts education has shifted the way I study and the process I go ab out completing my school work. Furthermore, from the mannerRead MoreThe New Liberal Arts, By Sanford J. Ungar And Robert Reich Essay1115 Words   |  5 PagesTo discuss the value of liberal education, there should be a mutual understanding that investing in college means to invest in oneself. Furthermore, while some consider this investment to be a critical stepping stone to success, others dismiss it, explaining that school simply cannot prepare someone for the â€Å"real world.† Sanford J. Ungar and Robert Reich explore both of these subjective values in their essays â€Å"The New Liberal Arts† and â€Å"College is a Ludicrous Waste of Money.† Ungar, the presidentRead MoreA Critical and Rhetorical Analysis of William Cronons Only Connect.1712 Words   |  7 PagesA Liberal Education? Not According to Cronon. A Critical and Rhetorical Analysis of Cronons Only Connect. While the term liberal education is heard from the most prestigious university to an inner city community college, the phrase itself has a hazy definition at best. While educators across America struggle with the definition of the phrase, William Cronon uses purpose, structure, and appeals in his essay Only Connect: The Goals of Liberal education, to define a liberally educated being andRead MoreA Liberal Education Matters By Michael S. Roth1067 Words   |  5 PagesA Liberal Education Matters Liberal education- its relevancy and practicality- is a relevant topic; it is especially relevant in a day and age where college is not a leisure but a necessity. In his book Beyond the University: Why Liberal Education Matters (Yale University Press), Michael S. Roth argues, his pointedly biased opinion, on the importance of a liberal arts education. To Roth, a liberal education is an education that immerses the student in vast knowledge of a variety of humanityRead MoreHigher Education At The Liberal Arts1639 Words   |  7 PagesAll types of education, whether technical or liberal, possess their own inherent merit. The distinction between the two lies in the spectrum of a particular study’s application. A higher education in any study should be encouraged because more knowledgeable individuals benefit both society and themselves through the continuation of their education. The value of one type of education does not negate the value of another. In today’s society technical studies, that is studies with a direct applicationRead MoreWhy I Am A Liberal Arts Education1123 Words   |  5 PagesA liberal arts education encourages freedom by allowing students to grow individually and academically. Before I read the summer reading packet, I did not know this. By reading the packet, I understand what it means to be liberally educated at Loras College. The freedom and growth that I will experience through the liberal arts at Loras will allow me to become better-rounded as an individual. Because of this, I will have learned how to be a critical thinker and learner, see the whole picture of whyRead MoreEssay on The New Liberal Arts1637 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish 101 â€Å"The New Liberal Arts† is an article written by Sanford J. Ungar, who is a president of Goucher College in Baltimore, Maryland. In the beginning of his article, Ungar wrote, â€Å"Hard economic times inevitably bring scrutiny of all accepted ideals and institutions, and this time around the liberal arts education has been especially hard hit.† In other words, Ungar means that recent economic recessions have made a huge impact on what people think of going for a liberal arts degree. In hisRead MoreAnalysis Of Sanford J. Ungar s The New Liberal Arts 978 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The New Liberal Arts† by Sanford J. 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After addressing a basis of education, he continues to discuss the importance of a liberal arts education over a â€Å"brick-and-mortar

Night Creature Hunter’s Moon Chapter 35 Free Essays

â€Å"I’ve got to go,† I said. I took one step toward the door and fell to my knees as the room became a forest again. Damp earth seeped through my pants legs, chilling my skin. We will write a custom essay sample on Night Creature: Hunter’s Moon Chapter 35 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The air was musty. I smelled moss. In the distance a wolf howled. I lifted my mouth to call out†¦ And ended up coughing, choking, in Damien’s arms. â€Å"I don’t think you’re going anywhere.† â€Å"Stop me.† â€Å"No problem.† He scooped me up again and took me into the bathroom, where he dumped me onto the toilet seat. â€Å"I’m cleaning that wound, and I’m calling a doctor.† â€Å"Damien, it won’t do any good. You and I both know that.† He hung his head. â€Å"Just let me clean it then. OK?† â€Å"If I do, will you let me find Jessie?† â€Å"No. But I will.† I glanced into his eyes. This was the best deal I was going to get. I yanked the pillowcase bandage off my arm. â€Å"Knock yourself out.† His smile was the same smile I’d come to love. Sweet, sad, infinitely beautiful. I was going to miss him. My arm was bloody and gaping, made me nauseous just to look at it. I turned away, and he dampened a cloth and began to wash away the gore. After a few minutes Damien made an impatient sound. â€Å"This isn’t going to do any good, Leigh. It just keeps bleeding.† I resisted the urge to say, Told you so. â€Å"Bandage me up again.† â€Å"You need stitches.† â€Å"Stitch me.† â€Å"I’ll make a mess, a scar.† I lifted a brow. â€Å"A scar? Oh, no. I shiver. I shudder. That would be such a shame.† He ran a hand over his face, leaving a trail of my blood across his cheek. â€Å"Forget it,† I said. â€Å"It’s not going to make a difference in another day anyway.† â€Å"That’s right.† He straightened. â€Å"You’ll heal.† I wouldn’t. But once again, he didn’t need to know that. â€Å"Which reminds me, why doesn’t Hector’s tattoo heal?† â€Å"He has a tattoo? Like Cowboy?† â€Å"Obviously, since they’re the same person.† â€Å"Which makes no sense.† â€Å"You’d be surprised.† I didn’t have the energy or the time to explain super-duper shape-shifting powers, even if I could. â€Å"But the wolf morphing into the crow made no sense, either,† he murmured. â€Å"Getting back to the tattoo?† I reminded him as he used a towel to bind my arm. â€Å"What? Oh. That’s easy. You stay the way you were when you were made a wolf. If†¦ Was it Hector?† I nodded. â€Å"If he had a tattoo when he became a werewolf, he’ll have one forever. Any injury after that will heal.† Damien pointed to his thigh and I remembered the thin white scar that marred his nearly perfect flesh. â€Å"I got that as a kid. It’ll never go away.† This was all news to me. Why didn’t we know this in the J-S society? Because we didn’t stop to ask questions before we shot them, and maybe that wasn’t so bright. â€Å"But what about this?† I lifted my bandaged arm. â€Å"Happened before I became a werewolf.† â€Å"The wound that infected you with the virus will heal.† â€Å"Convenient.† â€Å"Can you imagine people walking around with their throats ripped out? It isn’t pretty.† I’d wondered when I first became a Jager-Sucher how people with kill wounds could heal. There was a simple, disgusting explanation. People were food. If a werewolf ate you, you died. If he nibbled but didn’t snack, you got to be one of them. â€Å"What about diseases?† I pressed. â€Å"They’ll heal, because you still have them after you’re a werewolf. At least until you shift the first time.† â€Å"But not scars?† â€Å"Sorry, Leigh.† He thought I was worried about my back. I hadn’t even considered it. Guess I got to keep the scar. Oh, boy. â€Å"Who is Hector?† he asked. â€Å"Cowboy.† â€Å"No, who is he to you?† I lifted my eyes. Sympathy shone in his, caring, under-standing, love. How could he love me? Because he didn’t know. â€Å"I had sex with him,† I blurted. â€Å"I saw him, wanted him, took him. Then he sacrificed everyone I loved so he could become like you.† Damien frowned. I waited for the recriminations, the disgust. Instead he murmured, â€Å"Interesting.† â€Å"Interesting? Is that all you can say?† â€Å"I didn’t know someone could become a werewolf without being bitten.† â€Å"You’d be surprised what you don’t know.† The door to my apartment banged open. Jessie and Will spilled into the room, Jessie shouting my name and cursing. I was so damn glad to see them alive, I didn’t hear what they were saying. I got off the toilet and inched past Damien. As I went by, his palm slid along my good arm in a gentle, reassuring touch. My fingers clung to his for just an instant and it was good. â€Å"I’m here,† I said. They both went silent as if I’d thrown a switch, staring at me as if I were a ghost. â€Å"Thank God,† she breathed. â€Å"I thought we were too late.† â€Å"Too late for what?† â€Å"We talked to Cora. He has to – â€Å" â€Å"Make me a werewolf before the full moon.† Jessie shut her mouth, tilted her head. â€Å"How did you know that?† â€Å"He told me.† I lifted my bandaged arm. She drew her gun and pointed it at my head. I smiled. â€Å"I knew you were the best friend I ever had.† Damien barreled out of the bathroom and shoved me behind him. My hero. â€Å"What the hell?† he asked. â€Å"Get lost,† Jessie snapped. â€Å"I don’t think I will. This is murder, Sheriff.† â€Å"It’s none of your business, Fitzgerald. Get out of my way.† â€Å"Jess.† Will spoke for the first time. â€Å"Maybe you should call in before you make any rash decisions.† Indecision flickered over her face. â€Å"You can always shoot her after she grows a tail,† Damien murmured. I kicked him in the leg. He ignored me. â€Å"You told him?† Jessie demanded. I shrugged and didn’t answer. â€Å"Jeez, Leigh, he’s a civilian.† â€Å"So was Cadotte, once upon a time.† â€Å"Got you there,† Will said. â€Å"Shut up.† Jessie’s answer to everything. She still pointed her gun at Damien. I didn’t like it. She had silver in that gun. I tried to slide around him, but he shoved me right back. â€Å"Without her, he can’t become the supreme alpha,† Jessie argued. â€Å"Wolves mate for life.† â€Å"What does that have to do with anything?† Damien asked. â€Å"Thought you knew it all.† â€Å"I know werewolves exist. I haven’t gotten the details on what you’re up against.† Will filled him in as I fought a sudden craving for raw steak. â€Å"It seems to me,† Damien murmured, â€Å"that you have Hector at a disadvantage.† â€Å"How so?† Jessie asked. â€Å"Leigh can get close to him. He’ll trust her.† Jessie and Will both turned to me. â€Å"He’s right.† Jessie holstered her gun. â€Å"I guess I can always shoot you later.† â€Å"Yeah, look at the bright side.† I pushed past Damien and moved farther into the room. â€Å"Hector plans to use Damien for his sacrifice.† Damien frowned, blinked, then shrugged. â€Å"Let him try.† â€Å"You need to protect him, Jessie.† â€Å"I don’t need anyone to protect me,† Damien protested. â€Å"I can take care of myself.† Jessie ignored him. â€Å"We could always shoot him before they kill him.† â€Å"Would you quit with the shooting?† I said. â€Å"Sacrifice is sacrifice. He doesn’t necessarily need Damien. He just wants him.† â€Å"Because?† â€Å"He touched me.† Jessie glanced at Damien. â€Å"She’s worth it,† he said. Her gaze went shrewd, and she turned her attention to me with a lift of her brow. I shook my head. I wasn’t going to discuss my feelings for Damien. Not now. F’robably not ever. â€Å"Hector told me you and Will wouldn’t make it back from Cora’s.† â€Å"We almost didn’t,† Will muttered. â€Å"What happened?† â€Å"My car is kind of like yours now.† â€Å"They attacked.† â€Å"When we were halfway between Cora’s and home. Thankfully Jessie brought a lot of guns and even more ammo.† She patted her Magnum. â€Å"Pays to be prepared.† â€Å"A regular Boy Scout,† I agreed. â€Å"We left quite a few dead ones behind.† â€Å"You didn’t burn them?† â€Å"We didn’t want to get out of the car. There were more waiting.† I nodded. â€Å"Did you happen to see a crow?† Will frowned. â€Å"It settled on the kills. Started pecking. Scavenger.† â€Å"That was Hector.† Jessie and Will exchanged glances. â€Å"You’d better tell us everything,† he urged. When I was through, Will murmured, â€Å"Not good.† He spread his hands. â€Å"But hey, if this job were easy, everyone would do it.† That startled a laugh out of me. â€Å"Mandenauer?† My head whipped around. Jessie held the cell phone to her ear. â€Å"You’d better get to Crow Valley. Leigh’s been bitten.† She listened for an instant, then hung up. â€Å"Dammit, Jessie, you’ll only upset him. What can he do?† â€Å"I guess we’re gonna find out. Because he’s on his way, and he’s bringing Dr. Hanover.† How to cite Night Creature: Hunter’s Moon Chapter 35, Essay examples

Leadership During Of Organizational Change-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Leadership During Of Organizational Change? Answer: Introducation In any organisation there are several kinds of changes that take place from time to time. It becomes essential that all companies manage their changes in an effective manner (Cameron and Green, 2015). This is due to the reason that most of the people do not want changes to be done. It is the role of the management to check it so that changes can be effectively incorporated and hence do not pose any kind of difficulty in the production or efficiency. Other than this there are many kinds of challenges that are faced by the companies all these have to be properly taken care of so that there must not be downfall in the productivity of the firm (Harvard Business review, 2018). Australia and New Zealand Banking group is one of the five biggest banks in Australia and proved them to be one of the most successful companies in the country. This report highlights various kinds of transformation in ANZ bank. It also showcases the hardship manager face while implementing change strategies. Organisational transformation during McFarlanes tenure at ANZ bank At the time when McFarlane was appointed as the leader of the company this firm was facing several kinds of challenges like bad debts, branch closures and financial loss. He came and understands some of the facts regarding some of the bad policies of the company like there were lack of Women at the senior position of the branches. This company was performing badly in terms of CSR responsibilities. Apart from this there were many closures that have been done by the firm. All these had negative impact on the employees and community that ANZ banks performance is on the lower side. Some of the transformation that he brought to the organisation is as follows: Cost cutting drive: He assured that branches makes cost cutting in a better way. For this purpose he made employee retrenchment in which thousands of workers lost their jobs. He believed that in place of reducing wages of employees, it is better to reduce the volume of staffs as he supported increase productivity and pay them well. Reducing bank risk profile: He reduced the banks risk profile by bailing out the investments that is done in the emerging markets. Restructuring organisational operations: He made changes in the operations of head office as well as streamlining, outsourcing and vacating headquarters of hundreds of staffs. Chasing retail consumers: He started concentrating on the retail consumers apart from focusing on corporate clients. Their main focus was on well off retail consumers. Developing values based on employee input: He believed that bank must develop values that are based on the inputs received from worker as opposed to that dreamed up by senior managers so that decisions can be made using common language and sharing vision of success. This also included the decision of involving stakeholders especially employees in the decision making. Breakout and cultural transformation team: This was a team that drives three major initiatives namely Breakout charter, Breakout workshop and breakout consulting. Breakout workshop concentrates on personal and emotional development in which participants examine values and thoughts that drives their behaviour. Breakout charters focused on making changes that supports cultural transformation. On the other hand breakout consulting gave a range of consulting and diagnostic services for assisting business units and teams in living the desired culture. There programs were run for every employee in every business unit. This was carried out to develop encourage employees and enhance their motivational levels. Reward and appraisal system: One of the most important decisions that were taken by McFarlane is related to the performance assessment. Rewards were given on the basis of performance at the end of the year where business reviews were conducted throughout the year. This helped in increasing the performance of the employees as they get highly motivated by this. Training and development program: This Company established a structure that was used for identifying, assessing and developing talents. It helped employees in developing opportunities for them (Doppelt, 2017). It was a beneficial process for managing quality at the organisation. Suitable talent management program was established throughout the firm in addition to the strong line management plans. It also ensured that right kind of learning reached to right people. Program for leadership management was implemented: Basic idea behind implementing this program is to develop new leaders and understand the potential of staffs in becoming leaders and developing it for the company. Through its graduate program it attracts larger number of new talents. This helped employees in having better understanding of the business. Employee engagement: This was introduced by McFarlane so as to enhance satisfaction level of employees which helped them in enhancing their confidence level. Various kinds of timely survey were promoted employee satisfaction level. All these transformational changes played a decisive role in increasing the performance of the firm. By doing this they staff engagement, consumer satisfaction and recognition in community. Apart from this it also made financial performance turnaround as well as helped in delivering its promises to shareholders. His implementation of Breakout strategy to culturally transform ANZ bank played a very important role in marking success of the company. There were many long term strategic plans that were made in his tenure as a leader. It was considered as the golden era for the business of ANZ bank. Challenges for managers in implementing transformational strategies Changes are unacceptable at various levels of organisation (Hargis, Watt and Piotrowski, 2011). This is due to the fact that employees do not want change in their working methodology as well as organisational internal cultural change. All these strategies aim to improve the corporate brand image of the firm through internal cultural changes. There were many kinds of challenges that were faced by the managers of ANZ bank. Some of them are as follows: Poor performance of company: This was the biggest problem that is faced by the company. As in the times of poor financial performance it is difficult for managers to take any difficult or risky decisions as it may negatively affect the performance of the company (Hayes, 2014). Financial constraints: Due to large amount of bad debts and poor performance of the company in the past there were financial barriers in front of the firm which restricted them from making many kinds of changes that required large amount of monetary values (Mayfield, Mueller and Kumar, Bmc Software, Inc., 2015). Reluctance of employees towards change: It is one of the biggest barriers in front of the company that more number of employees does not want internal cultural changes at the workplace as it will change the way of working inside the firm (Benn, Dunphy and Griffiths, 2014). Employees get used to a working methodology and persuading them to help in the organisational transformational program was one of the biggest challenges for the managers. They have used various kinds of approaches for this purpose. Motivation of employees: All these organisational changes lower down the motivational level of employees especially the decision of making job cuts reduces confidence of other staffs in the firm (Wang, Oh, Courtright and Colbert, 2011). This was one of the biggest challenges in front of the managers as it reduces productivity of the firm. In order to combat this, managers took use of motivational theories by various researchers. Employees involvement: Since there are many kinds of discrepancies in managing changes hence it was important that employees were also involved in big decision making (Cummings and Worley, 2014). It is always difficult for managers to make a plan about how the employee engagement in the process will be ensured. It is also to be taken care of that involving an employee is not an easy task and too much control given to them cannot be given by managers and hence it was decided smartly (Kuipers, Higgs, Kickert, Tummers, Grandia and Van der Voet, 2014). Providing training: With any kind of transformational change within workplace, it has become essential for the workers to take care of the fact that employee needs training on the applied changes. It is always challenging for the managers to train employees about various aspects of changes especially in case of cultural and ethical changes (McDermott, Conway, Rousseau and Flood, 2013). This helps in bringing boost to the change initiatives as employees also contribute to the change management procedure. Use of emotional strategy helps in attracting the attention of people who will be influenced by changes. Aligning the pace of change: It is always difficult for managers to make changes at the pace that is needed by the organisation (Noruzy, Dalfard, Azhdari, Nazari-Shirkouhi and Rezazadeh, 2013). Without doing this any change is unable to produce same outcomes. Changes must be first made at the top of the management level. Changes must be done by making a plan so that the continuity in change mechanism can be ensured that too at the pace what is required by the firm. For this process it is always necessary that collective efforts is made which can only be possible when all conflicts present between different levels of organisation is resolved. Removing all the confusion: It is essential for the managers to eliminate all the confusions present in the minds of different stakeholders especially investors (AguirreandAlpern, 2014). This is a bigger challenge for managers to reduce any kind of confusion in the minds of employees so that they can positively add to the change management process. Attributes of leadership In the last two decades company has seen several change of leadership. Every leader has different style of leadership as well as a distinct set of attributes were present in them. They have different set of role in directing, influencing and managing process of change at ANZ. Out of them there were two main key leaders named McFarlane and Michael smith. Attributes of McFarlane An individual that balances work and family commitments. He likes to keep himself fit as well as he enjoys enjoy music, films, reading and modern art. Long experience in banking industry. Far sighted leader who understands the need of taking transformational decisions. A leader that believes in taking risky decisions for the benefit of the firm. Attributes of Smith An outstanding all-round banker with an excellent professional tract record in many type of business and geographies with large experience in corporate and retail banking. Controlled decision maker in difficult situations. An experience problem solver in the industry which is necessary in difficult times of the firm. There are various kinds of roles that are played by the leaders especially in terms of influencing, directing and managing the change process at ANZ. The way of dealing with such situation differed from leader to leader. In any process role of leadership is very extensive. Some of them are as follows: Making plan: For implementing any kind of changes within an organisation it is essential that changes must be planned (Raineri, 2011). It helps to assure that the change will give positive results and helps firm in facing all the strategic challenges. Without such kind of plans change process cannot be ensured for the longer time. Leading through the front: It is necessary that leaders lead from the front (Sandkuhl, Smirnov and Shilov, 2011). They can do this by setting example by being part of every change that is done at the firm. Other than this they need to set example in case the company is making any cost cuts. This enhances the confidence level of other workers to become part of the process and effectively completing it. Directing: It is essential that leaders direct staffs at all the levels of the organisation in terms of what they have to do for making the change process effective and fruitful (SEO, Taylor, Hill, Zhang, Tesluk and Lorinkova, 2012). For this they take use of the plan that was previously made by the organisation or the vision that was cited before planning for the change. There are other ways in which they direct following changes. For example they monitor the whole process of change management so that any discrepancy in the process gets removed at the time when it is generated. Provide infrastructure: They build infrastructure in such a way that changes can be easily incorporated. This includes maintaining communication system. Effective communication system always helps in reducing the amount of confusion that is present in the change process (Smith, 2011). It helps in bringing smoothness to the whole mechanism. Apart from this they also have the role in changing organisational structure accordingly so that changes are incorporated in a desired manner. Motivating employees for the change process: It is essential for the employees to stay motivated towards change. This is the role of the managers to motivate their employee by removing all the confusions related to the change by resolving all the queries of the employees (Buzzacott, 2016). Evaluation of environment: It is essential for the managers to make sure that changes are made according to the environment persisting around ANZ. This helps in enhancing the quality of the change process. For doing so they need to analyse each and every factor associated with change process (Abbas and Asghar, 2010). Facing hurdles: There are many kinds of hurdles that come in front of the company while they are incorporating or implementing changes (Van der Voet, 2014). This helps to ensure that all the changes are conducted at the required pace. Leaders need to remove all the resistance or barriers that came in front the change process. For example if the change process is not in the favour of employees they may go on strike which can lead to huge losses hence company needs to make plans for avoiding such incidents. Conclusion From the above based report it can be concluded that there are various kinds of changes that place within an organisation from time to time as per the requirement of the firm. It is essential for the company of the scale of ANZ bank to manage all changes so that it does not affect the firm in the negative sense. In ANZ there were many kinds of changes were done by McFarlane which helped company in facing situations that came across the company. Manager had to face many kinds of challenges that come in front of them while implementing such kind of changes. Apart from this it is the role of the leader to direct, lead and manage all the changes inside the firm. References Abbas, W. and Asghar, I. 2010, The role of leadership in organizational change. [Online]. Available at: https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:326289/fulltext01.[Accessed on: 15th January 2018]. Benn, S., Dunphy, D. and Griffiths, A., 2014.Organizational change for corporate sustainability. Routledge. Cameron, E. and Green, M., 2015.Making sense of change management: A complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Cummings, T.G. and Worley, C.G., 2014.Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Doppelt, B., 2017.Leading change toward sustainability: A change-management guide for business, government and civil society. Routledge. Hargis, M.B., Watt, J.D. and Piotrowski, C., 2011. Developing leaders: Examining the role of transactional and transformational leadership across business contexts.Organization Development Journal,29(3), p.51. Harvard Business review, 2018. [Online]. Available at: https://hbr.org/2017/11/what-everyone-gets-wrong-about-change-management.[Accessed on: 15th January 2018]. Hayes, J., 2014.The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Kuipers, B.S., Higgs, M., Kickert, W., Tummers, L., Grandia, J. and Van der Voet, J., 2014. The management of change in public organizations: A literature review.Public Administration,92(1), pp.1-20. Mayfield, R., Mueller, D. and Kumar, N., Bmc Software, Inc., 2015.System and method for resource reconciliation in an enterprise management system. U.S. Patent 9,137,115. McDermott, A.M., Conway, E., Rousseau, D.M. and Flood, P.C., 2013. Promoting effective psychological contracts through leadership: The missing link between HR strategy and performance.Human Resource Management,52(2), pp.289-310. Noruzy, A., Dalfard, V.M., Azhdari, B., Nazari-Shirkouhi, S. and Rezazadeh, A., 2013. Relations between transformational leadership, organizational learning, knowledge management, organizational innovation, and organizational performance: an empirical investigation of manufacturing firms.The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, pp.1-13. Aguirre, D.andAlpern, M. 2014. 10 Principles of Leading Change Management. [Online]. Available at: https://www.strategy-business.com/article/00255?gko=9d35b.[Accessed on: 15th January 2018]. Raineri, A.B., 2011. Change management practices: Impact on perceived change results.Journal of Business Research,64(3), pp.266-272. Sandkuhl, K., Smirnov, A. and Shilov, N., 2011, October. Information logistics in engineering change management: Integrating demand patterns and recommendation systems. InInternational Conference on Business Informatics Research(pp. 14-25). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. SEO, M.G., Taylor, M.S., Hill, N.S., Zhang, X., Tesluk, P.E. and Lorinkova, N.M., 2012. The role of affect and leadership during organizational change.Personnel Psychology,65(1), pp.121-165. Smith, I., 2011. Organisational quality and organisational change: interconnecting paths to effectiveness.Library Management,32(1/2), pp.111-128. Buzzacott, 2016. The role of leadership in organisational change. [Online]. Available at: https://www.buzzacott.co.uk/getattachment/ceee5293-d1e1-463f-aaa5-788e58c4c7c7/the-role-of-leadership-in-organisational-change.[Accessed on: 15th January 2018]. Van der Voet, J., 2014. The effectiveness and specificity of change management in a public organization: Transformational leadership and a bureaucratic organizational structure.European Management Journal,32(3), pp.373-382. Wang, G., Oh, I.S., Courtright, S.H. and Colbert, A.E., 2011. Transformational leadership and performance across criteria and levels: A meta-analytic review of 25 years of research.Group Organization Management,36(2), pp.223-270.

A Comparison of Lord of the Flies to Sympathy for the Devil free essay sample

The story The Lord of the Flies is a timeless piece of literature written by William Golding. Many who have read this story have been inspired in different ways, one of these groups being The Rolling Stones. In their song Sympathy for the Devil, there are striking similarities between the lyrics and the content of The Lord of the Flies. In one line of Sympathy for the Devil, the lyrics go like this, â€Å"I watched with glee, While your kings and queens, Fought for decades, For the gods they made. † This is almost directly taken from the key point in the story that human nature, when faced with fear, is to create a fictional excuse for what is causing, or protecting you from, this fear. Ralph and Jack are fighting over this beast that they had created within themselves, as the pig’s head explains to Simon before his epileptic fit (143). We will write a custom essay sample on A Comparison of Lord of the Flies to Sympathy for the Devil or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ralph and Jack then go to war in part because of this beast they have created, and they split because of the indecision of whether or not it’s real thing and if so where it comes from and how to deal with said beast. This is much like how kings and queens used to bring entire countries to war over gods and goddesses that had been blatantly created as a way to deal with the human’s common fear of death. People would die over fictitious gods much as kids died on the island in The Lord of the Flies over a beast that they too had created out of fear. The Lord of the Flies shows how it is in human nature to savagely defend your beliefs out of fear of them, and Sympathy for the Devil is taking this concept and directly portraying it in the afore stated lyrical verse. Just as Jack and Ralph and all the other inhabitants had created and fought brutally over the beast in fear, humans created and fought brutally over gods that they had no way of knowing for sure whether or not even existed. It’s all just in human nature and is described wonderfully in both The Lord of the Flies and Sympathy for the Devil. Earlier in the song Sympathy for the Devil, the lyrics say that â€Å"When I saw it was time for a change, Killed the Czar and his ministers, Anastasia screamed in vain. † This is very similar to the fight between Jack and Ralph. Jack and Ralph were not getting along and Jack decided that it was time to vindicate Ralph from his position as chief and make his own tribe. However, that wasn’t enough for Jack so he made the decision that Ralph needed to be killed in order for there to be proper retribution for the â€Å"crimes† that Ralph had committed. The savages had vengeance on their mind as they chanted â€Å"Kill the beast. Cut his throat. Spill his blood. † (186) Ralph of course was the â€Å"his† of this chant as he was being targeted for death. Much as the savage boys thought that the only way to properly punish Ralph for the crimes he had apparently committed was to kill him, the people of Russia during the Russian revolution thought that they had to kill the Czar and his family in order to properly change the government to the way they wanted it. The attempted killing of Ralph is much like Russia’s killing of the Czar and his family, the mob psychology took over and they attacked their enemies because they believed that it was the only way to properly rid themselves of their aggressor. The essential meaning of both of the situations described in The Lord of the Flies and Sympathy for the Devil is that when angry people are put into a mob of other angry people, their primeval savagery is revealed and they will, with ebullience follow a single strong-man leader, such as Jack, to kill the aggressor. Another important point in the song is that it is not sung from the point of view of a human. The singer is singing as an entity rather than that of a person first meeting the devil. This is evident because this person is talking of being present at events that happened thousands of years ago. The entity, or idea, the person is singing as is human savagery. He is saying that he has been present in all people that have ever done anything of elephantine horribleness and of blatant disregard for human rights. As this entity he says one striking line that really relates to the story and that is â€Å"Just as every cop is a criminal, And all the sinners saints,† (Sympathy for the Devil). The reason this is so important is because he is saying that no matter how wonderful you may appear, he- human savagery- exists in everyone, even a group of posh British boys who are escaping a war and just crash landed on an island together. All you need is the proper situation and anyone will become a blood lusting animalistic killer if it means survival. Another lyric that supports this is when the chorus comes around and the lead singer sings â€Å"Hope you guessed my name,† (Sympathy for the Devil). The man is almost challenging the devil because he knows that this savagery exists in all of human kind. He is saying that we are all capable of crimes like the ones that are stated in previous verses, and that it is just human nature to be savage animals when we believe we need to be, and that we are all guilty for the horrid crimes committed. This is the overall theme behind both The Lord of the Flies and Sympathy for the Devil. The Lord of the Flies and Sympathy for the Devil are both incredibly similar all the way from specific verses to the overall theory behind the words written or sang. Even the beat from Sympathy for the Devil starts with two obviously civilized people politely chatting and laughing, but slowly you can hear a tribal, neanderthallic sounding, savage chant grow. Even the beat is showing that people are savage by nature, and we only cover it up for societal standards that are pushed on us. As children we are still just learning this societal standard; that is why kids are so likely to kick, bite, punch, or tackle one another when they become angry. It’s all just human nature that is within us and we suppress it because we are taught to do so, and both The Lord of the Flies and Sympathy for the Devil have this as their key theory. The Lord of the Flies and Sympathy for the Devil are both so similar to one another, from the lyrical content to the main idea they both have striking similarities.

Unprofessional conduct essays

Unprofessional conduct essays Unprofessional Conduct according to the Arkansas State Board of Nursing is detailed in ASBN Rules and Regulations, Chapter 7, Section XV, #6. The section states the following conduct are considered unprofessional. Failing to assess, evaluate, and intervene, Incorrect documentation, Missappropriation of residents property, Medication and Treatment errors, Performing or attempting to perform procedures that the nurse is untrained to do, Violating confidentiality. Neglect/Abuse or failure to report these incidents, Failing to report violations or attempted violations to the ASBN, Inappropriate delegation of duties, Failing to supervise, Practicing when unfit. To report alleged violations to the ASBN. The person reporting must put the complaint in writing and send to the ASBN. Anyone can report violations to the ASBN but Nurses are obligated to report to the ASBN. When reporting they want the sentinel event or the violation and patterns of behavior of the individual. The written complaint must contain Who, What, When, Where. What is Abandonment? According to the ASBN abandonment is broken down into two categories patient abandonment and job abandonment. Patient abandonment is the nurse taking the assignment and establishing a nurse-patient relationship then severing that nurse-patient relationship without giving reasonable notice to the appropriate person (supervisor, employer) so that arrangements can be made for continuation of nursing care by others. The employer may have another meaning of abandonment, staying over shifts when there is no relief, making the nurse work on scheduled off days. These situations are not governed by ASBN and are not punishable. The employer can fire you for these offenses though. The ABSN have set guidelines for convictions for crimes that bar you from holding license in the state of Arkansas. These convictions are as stated. Capital murder, murder 1st and 2nd degree, batt ...

MBA Marketing - Report 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

MBA Marketing - Report 3 - Essay Example Starbucks is known as the largest purchaser of the real coffee beans (Coffee.org). Starbucks has conceived its logo from Greek mythology. A woman like creature that dwells in deep seas or a mermaid with twin tail represents the logo of the company. Starbucks follows strong ethical standards for delivering the best coffee experience to its customers around the globe. The coffee beans are selected using the best of the selection techniques followed by high quality roasting techniques. The perfect blend of flavor and quality is what every cup of beverage at Starbucks deliver. The ambience of Starbucks is suitable for groups of friends and family who want to enjoy a casual drink with light snack. Those who want to spend some quiet time with themselves or a good book also choose their nook at Starbucks. Starbucks wants to establish itself as the top suppliers of coffee while ensuring that its aims and goals are not compromised. At Starbucks, the employees are treated with dignity and regarded as the heart of the company. The customers of Starbucks are treated in the best possible way so as to win their loyalty and satisfaction. Halevy (2011) suggested that for maintaining premium quality standards, the coffee is purchased from the finest of the farms and delivered to the customers after passing through the modern roasting and grounding methods. The company has global presence which it cherishes. Starbucks knows that its sole aim is to make profits while ensuring a satisfactory market share and customer response. Starbucks wishes to be known as an environmentally responsible company so it offers recyclable cups and active participation in community and social events, majority of which are targeted at environment safety. According to Bowhill (2008), PESTEL analysis gives the company a very clear idea of the external environment where it wishes to carry its operations so that it could clearly

Describe and discuss see directions below Research Paper

Describe and discuss see directions below - Research Paper Example This privilege against Self-Incrimination can be implied for Federal Crimes. Witnesses however, do not receive any immunity from testaments; especially, those witnesses who are not defendants nor are likely to be. Witnesses cannot refuse to testify under any circumstances and it may lead to imprisonment on the crime of hiding the truth if they happen to do so. Some cases have also led to prosecution if the witness fails to testify. This was the case where the Supreme Court of United States used a defendant’s Fifth Amendment Right, which was against Self-Incrimination. Malloy who was the petitioner was sentenced to jail for a year for gambling. However, after three months, he was put on probation for two years and released from jail. On probation, he was made to testify for inquiry of the State into gambling and other unlawful activities and when he refused to do so, he was put back in jail to the time he testified. In his essay, ‘Are the courts in a trance?’ David Webert speaks of the history of Hypnosis as used by the authorities to empower themselves of the truth. Webert’s (2003) essay circulated around the admissibility of such a technique for procuring the truth, as well as the legality of such a method. Certainly, he views it as a violation of the Fifth Amendment Right since it is after all against the will of the human consciousness that such information is being procured. One can imagine under utmost duress when such a technique is used, however, it is a disaster to think of using such a technique as a regular practice by the authorities to procure information from criminals. Hypnosis is known to enhance memory that leads to better recollection of events, but the credibility of this method is still under question. More so, hypnosis can have its own set of perceivable dangers. There have been various viewpoints that have been presented for and against this stand. But as far as perceivable

Participation Discussion Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Participation Discussion Questions - Essay Example ‘These laws protect the employees in matters such as compensation, working conditions, and retirement benefits. I agree with you that it is imperative for managers to have excellent knowledge of employment laws. Managers lower their business risk by complying with employment laws because a lack of compliance can lead to governmental fines, civil lawsuits, and a loss of brand value. If a corporation fails to comply with basic employment laws such as paying at or above minimum wage they can incur in damages beyond the potential fines. The customer can lose confidence in the corporate behavior of the company and switch to the competition. In the 21st century corporate social responsibility has become an important strategy to achieve business growth. The utilization of hiring practices that foster diversity has positive benefits such as improving creativity and gaining insight into other cultures. If an employee violates employment laws a manager must discipline the person and possible terminate employment if the violates warrants such punishment. Knowledge is power, thus education the workforce on employment will improve the quality and value of the human capital of a corporation. As you mentioned understanding employment laws is a two way process since both employer and employees are affected by them. Applying educational efforts in the corporate world to increase the knowledge of employees of employment laws is a sound investment. The overall business risk of an enterprise decreases as the employees become more knowledgeable of employment laws. Diminishing interpersonal conflict due to a lack of knowledge of employment increases the productivity of the workers. I liked your idea of creating handbooks with information regarding employment laws. Doing so is an initiative that provides documentation the workers can use to study on their own time about employment laws as well as reference

Structure Of Travel Tourism And Hospitality Tourism Essay

Structure Of Travel Tourism And Hospitality Tourism Essay The purposes for this essay are to present the structure of the travel, tourism and hospitality industries. Firstly, we need to know what the definition of tourism is. As the World Tourism Organisation (WTO), tourism is the activities of person travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes (World Tourism Organisation, 1993). Therefore, the tourist is a person who travels to another place outside of their normal place of residence at least 100 miles for more than 24 hours and less than 12 months. Travel and tourism does not necessary involve travelling abroad. It could be in domestic tourism such as peoples home country, on visits to attractions, city breaks, trips to business meetings, sports events or concerts, and visits to friends or relatives. According to Weaver Lawton (2002, p.3), tourism includes the businesses that provide goods and services wholly or mainly for tourist consumption such as restaurants and food/beverage services, and lodging. Hence, it linked to hospitality industry which including accommodations segments, food services segment and other hospitality operations segments. Structure of the travel, tourism and hospitality industry The travel, tourism and hospitality industry is one of the largest industries in the world. It includes many sectors that we need to go through each part of the industry on its own. The key sectors in the travel and tourism industry can be distributed into three different parts. They are public, private and voluntary sectors. Figure 1: Tourism industry Tourism industry The private sector The public sector The voluntary sector Tour operators Travel agents Accommodations Government NTOs NATA UFTAA IATA SHA Private sector The private sector is generated of commercial operators run or owned by individuals or companies such as travel insurance, travel press, travel marketing, private colleges, tour operators or travel agents, whose main purpose is to produce benefits from the facilities and goods, which they deliver to their consumers. In addition, these agencies play a very important role in the development of the travel and tourism industry. They are the components which communicate directly with customers. For instance, they arranged a group which understand the demands of visitors and advertise their packages at different tourist locations through interactive methods of communication such as distribute brochure or advertise in their websites. Accommodations are the basic needs in tourism industry which including hotels, resorts and timeshares or condominiums, conference centres, camp and park lodges, food and beverages. For example, resorts offer good services such as spa, massage, hot tub for customers who come to relax on holiday. They gain high benefits due to customers consumptions when they provide good services. Therefore, the private sectors are commercial businesses with the objective of making a profit for shareholders and owners. They run businesses at all levels of the distribution chain suppliers, wholesalers and retailers. Public sector Public sectors are major groups who decide on the strategy and leadership for the growth of the tourism sector. This is the government body which supporting the tourism industry. The role of this organisation is to work with the industry and provide the required amount of support. The services offered by the public sector are delivered to the public and paid through government. Public sector includes NTOs and RTOs (national regional tourist offices). It may also be suppliers, especially in transportation and visitor attractions. Most of the public services are non-profit-making. Voluntary sector Voluntary sector contains different bodies involved in the lobbying and being the force factors who work for the benefit of the tourism sector and the benefit of the respective associations they represent. They are namely National Parks Association, YHA (Youth Hostels Association), National Trust, ANTOR (Association of National Tourist Office Representatives), FTO (Federation of tour Operators), ATOC (Association of Train Operating Companies), Museums Association, UK Inbound Tourism, Tourism Concern and PSA (Passenger Shipping Association). Organizations of the voluntary sector are controlled and ran mainly by volunteers. These organizations are usually not making profit or contributively. This creates some financial benefits that may include reduced rates and VAT, income tax exemption for investments, covenants and bank deposits. Voluntary sector organisations that register as contributions have to satisfy specific terms. Their purposes must be charitable, non-profit-making, for the educations improvement or for other aims beneficial to the society. Horizontal integration According to Weaver Lawton (2002), horizontal integration takes place when firms reach a higher level of consolidation or control within their own sector. Horizontal integration is where an organisation owns two or more companies, on the same level of the buying chain. For example, EasyJet took over Go! in 2002. It was a case of one budget airline taking over another no-frills airline. Although the two companies became one, they could have retained their different brand names. In fact in this case, EasyJet rapidly re-branded all of Go!s planes with their own distinctive livery. Principal Figure 2: Horizontal integration Principal Tour operator Tour operator Travel agent Travel agent Vertical integration Vertical integration occurs when a company achieve greater control over elements of the product chain outside its own sector (Weaver Lawton, 2002). This integration can be forward in the direction of the chain, or backward against the direction of the chain. Forward vertical integration is more common. Company gains greater control over distribution. It helps them getting closer to the customer. For example, an airline sets up a subsidiary to distribute or market products to consumers such as buying-out a hotel chain or car rental operation. Figure 3: Forward vertical integration Tour operator Principal Travel agent Backward vertical integration is buying upward in the distribution chain. In contrast to forward vertical integration, company gains greater control over supplies using backward vertical integration. For instance, First Choice is a tour operator which also has an airline named First Choice Airways, or Thomas Cook Holidays setting up Thomas Cook Airways. Principal Figure 4: Backward vertical integration Tour operator Travel agent Key historical developments Socio-economic Leisure time: Tourism currently very popular and it is widely acknowledged as a global social phenomenon. In most advanced developed countries, the natural of society has now changed from an economy based on manufacturing and production to focus on the services and consumer industries. Simultaneously, the disposable income and the amount of leisure time and holiday in many countries increased in the post-war period. Therefore, employees have the opportunity to engage in the new forms of consumption such as tourism. Incomes/holiday taking: The income is produced from wages, profits and interest, has increased every year. The UK economy is one of the strongest in Europe, levels of disposable income and consumer credit are rising and expenditure on leisure is growing at around 6 per cent. Depend on that, employees life is improved. They can spend time to enjoy their life such as travel without worry too much about money. Most people today will have travelled abroad and expect to take at least one holiday a year. When tourists are willing to pay for travel, tourism industry will generate more profit. Car ownership: By the early 1900s the car was being used for public transport in most cities. But it wasnt until the 1950 when the car really took off. There were only 8,000 cars in the whole of Britain at the start of the 20th century. By the end of the century the car population had soared to 21 million. Car ownership statistics gives an indication of the level of personal mobility in a population (domestic, continental travel). In 1989 in Britain, each car was used for an average of 30 trips per week, which declined to 24 by 2006. The distance travelled by car per week slightly decreased. Car ownership in the UK has increased considerably in recent decades. It is not uncommon for a household owning two or more cars in nowadays. Technological Transportation is an essential need in the tourism sector. It is divided into different areas such as air, road, rail, sea. Transportation is a tool to assist travellers to get to where they want to go. Sea: Up until the 1920s the only way to travel abroad was by boat. It used to take days/weeks to travel abroad. Nowadays, ships are mainly used for ferries to mainland Europe and for cruises. Road: Road travel is the first method people used to travel. In the past, people used to travel by horses, camels,  or even humans carrying goods over dirt tracks that often followed game trails. The most famous road in the past is Silk Road. The start of the Silk Road was on 2nd century BC when Chinese ambassador Zhang Qian visited the countries of Central Asia with diplomatic mission. Thus, travel by road is the pioneer in tourism. Nowadays, road travel can be buses, private cars, bicycles, motorbike, etc. People using those transportations to travel are much faster than in the past. Rail: After sea and road, rail is the third method people use to travel. By the end of the 2nd world war (1940s) the rail network covered nearly every town and village. Japan is the country famous for mass and high-speed trains. Moreover, Japan has an impressive number of subway systems. Air: Travel by air is the latest and fastest transportation in the world. The first commercial flight from the UK was to Paris in 1919, but it was very expensive. In the 1970 the introduction of the Boeing 747 brought flying cost down dramatically and open doors to mass tourism. In our time, people can travel from one place to another place very convenience. For example, a flight from Singapore to Vietnam only need 4 hours including food and beverage in the plane, while traveling by sea needs days. As we can see, tourism cannot develop without technological. It is a part has a great contribution to the tourism industry. Business developments Airlines/air travel: Airlines or air travel play a very important role in the travel and tourism industry. Early forms of technology in the travel and tourism industry were systems which linked tour operators to travel agencies via terminals and allowed travel agents to make bookings through the system. Meanwhile, airlines developed computer reservation systems (CRS). Airlines started to use computers in the 1950s to store and change the huge amount of information they needed to access. The CRS was used internally by airlines, and agents would use the OAG publication to look up flight times etc., and then telephone the airline to make a booking. Tour operators: The role of tour operators is to put together all the different components that make up a holiday and sell them as packages to the consumer. They make contracts with hoteliers, airlines and other transport companies to put the package together. All the holiday details are incorporated into a brochure which is distributed either to travel agents or directly to customers. In simple terms, they organise and package different elements of the tourism experience, then offer the product for sale to the public through different mediums like leaflets, brochures, advertisements, etc. Travel agents: The role of travel agents is to give advice and information and sell and administer bookings for a number of tour operators. They also sell flights, ferry bookings, car hire, insurance and accommodation as separate products. Thus, they are distributors of products. Increasingly, travel agents also do a little tour operating, for example putting together a holiday for a group. Some industry professionals believe that the role of the travel agent is in decline as many people are booking their own holidays and travel on the Internet or by telephone directly to tour operators. Conclusion In conclusion, this assignment helps me know more about the structure of travel, tourism and hospitality and key historical developments of its industry. Hence, I will know how tourism and hospitality work. Briefly, tourism and hospitality industry is one of the largest industries in the world. It plays a very important role in the industry. There are many sectors which contribute and help to generate the tourism and hospitality industry. They are indispensable parts of the travel, tourism and hospitality industry.

Enders Game Essay -- Orson Scott Card

Ender's Game by Orson Scott Card When the novel starts Ender Wiggin is a six-year-old genius. He has a brother, Peter, and a sister, Valentine, whom is the only person Ender truly loves. Ender is the third born in the Wiggin family, which is rare, because the limited amount of children per family is two. The government had been running a Battle School in space to train young boys and girls to become military commanders to fight against the buggers, aliens who had invaded Earth in the First and Second Invasions. Peter and Valentine had both been tried out for the Battle School, but Peter was too ruthless and Valentine was too soft towards the enemy. They both failed to go to the Battle school. But, the government wanted Ender. They wanted the death threatening genes that Peter had and the merciful and loving genes that Valentine had. They hoped that Ender would make the perfect military commander. So, The government had Ender born and they put a monitor on the back of his neck to watch his every move to see if he ha d what it took to get into Battle School. The monitor protected Ender from Peter and kids at school because if anything got out of hand the officers would stop it to help Ender. They took the monitor off. Peter and the kids at school could finally get to bully Ender without getting caught. Peter quickly took advantage of the monitor being off to bully Ender around. If it weren’t for his loving sister, Valentine, Peter would have killed Ender. The kids at school had formed at gang to jump Ender after school one day. The leader was a boy named Stilson. They were a little bigger than Ender was and they out-numbered him too. Ender knew they were gonna hurt him and keep hurting him for the rest of the school year, so Ender decided to make this the first and last fight. Ender won the fight by ruthless blows to Stilson when he was down. Afterwards Ender cried for what he had done because he didn’t like hurting people, he didn’t like being Peter. Colonel Graff came back to get Ender. It had turned out they wanted to see how Ender could handle himself without the monitor and he had done it perfectly. Colonel Graff took Ender to Battle School. Graff had isolated him from the other boys in his launch group by stating that Ender was the best of them, so Ender had no choice but to be the best in the group to make them like him. After a while, Ender m... ...ut from the queen’s perspective. He opened and closed his eyes again seeing new images of himself putting the egg into a cool place, a dark place, but with water, so she wasn’t dry so that certain reactions could take place within the egg. Ender realized the queen bugger found him through the ansible followed it and dwelt in my mind. They came to know Ender by his nightmares. Ender picked up the egg and thought to himself that he was going to take the egg from world to world looking for the right place to hatch her so she can awake in safety. Ender picked a spot far from the castle tower for the new colony and wrote a novel from the queen’s perspective stating how sorry she was and that they killed us because they couldn’t communicate and Ender signed after the novel as â€Å"Speaker for the Dead†. He sent the book to earth through the nets and the book was published quietly. After a while almost everyone on earth had read it. Ender began to grow happy on the bugger planet and decided he had lived with pain and suffering all his life he can’t be happy now so he and Valentine boarded a starship and went from planet to planet searching for the right place to hatch the queen bugger.

Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards Essay

Pursuant to the provisions of Section 12 of Republic Act No. 6713, otherwise known as the â€Å"Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees†, approved Dn February 20, 1989, and which took effect on March 25, 1989, conformably to Section 17 thereof, the following Rules are hereby adopted in order to carry out the provisions of the said Code: Rule I Coverage Section 1. These Rules shall cover all officials and employees in the government, elective and appointive, permanent or temporary, whether in the career or non-career service, including military and police personnel, whether or not they receive compensation, regardless of amount. Over the past 35 years, the number of government employees grew at a faster rate than did the population. Philippine population grew 160% between 1960 to 1997 but total government personnel more than doubled in size from the 360,000 employed in 1960. Expressed in terms of ratio to the total population, the growth in the size of the Philippine government personnel lends some firm basis for the popular perception of a bloated bureaucracy. In 1970, the ratio of government personnel to the total population is 1:90. By 1990, the ratio stood at 1:52. The most telling indicator of the period of rapid expansion of the bureaucracy is reflected in the growth rate of government’s cash disbursements for personal services. Yearly incremental rates between 1980 to 1991 were in double figures, averaging 21% during the 11-year period, and grew as high as 35.8% in 1984-1985. In the immediately preceding years, the increase in government expenditures for personal services is accounted for by th e implementation of the second phase of the Salary Standardization Law which provided for yearly increase in basic salaries of government personnel over four years. This is because since  1992, growth in size has been arrested due to the combined effects of a number of right-sizing initiatives which include: the 5-year effectivity of RA 7041 or the Attrition Law; agency-specific streamlining programs; changes in budgetary allotments which funded only the filled positions; and to some extent, the exit of positions in the disposed or privatized units of government. In the last four years, increases in number of personnel have been attributed to the population-based personnel teachers and policemen and to the local government units, the last due to devolution by the national government of certain functions and activities. Outside of those classes of personnel, the increase in national employees (NGAs) and those employed by government-owned or controlled corporations (GOCCs) has switched into a decelerating mode. The size, distribution, and general profile of government are given in statistical data derived from the yearly inventory of government personnel conducted by the Commission. The inventory is based on actual occupancy of positions at the end of each year. Rule II Interpretation Section 1. These Rules shall be interpreted in the light of the Declaration of Policy found in Section 2 of the Code: â€Å"It is the policy of the State to promote a high standard of ethics in public service. Public officials and employees shall at all times be accountable to the people and shall discharge their duties with utmost responsibility, integrity, competence and loyalty, act with patriotism and justice, lead modest lives, and uphold public interest over personal interest.† Ethics is gaining prominence in the discourse about governance today. There is a perception that standards in public life are in decline. This raises questions about the costs of misconduct on the part of those who have been entrusted with guarding public interest and resources. These costs are losses in trust and confidence in public institutions and losses in precious resources which were meant to support the economic and social development of  nations and peoples. There is a move worldwide to restore a measure of trust and integrity in public institutions and officials, to safeguard democracy and promote better governance. It could be argued that the perception of a fall in public standards is linked to the shifting role of the state, which is undergoing tremendous reform. Globalization, technological advances, spreading democratization and fiscal crises are challenging states to deal with strong external forces, be smart in serving its citizenry, devolve power, and divest itself of obsolete activities. As a result, the public service, as an institution, is under pressure to transform itself to respond to these changes. As public servants are asked to take on new and sometimes conflicting roles, there is a need for a cost-effective structure and an encouraging culture to enforce standards and guide their behavior. Under a democracy such as in the Philippines, the people’s fundamental faith in the integrity of political institutions is what holds the system together even under the most difficult times. The present situation in the Philippines is a test of this principle. Whether or not the test is passed with success is a matter yet to be seen. However, at this stage, what could be gainfully learned from present experience is the knowledge that people’s trust seems to lie on the existence of ethics and accountability mechanisms and infrastructure. As shown and proven with quite a measure of success by many studies, ethics and accountability are keys not only to effective government but also to effective governance. The following discussions deal with some of the infrastructures and initiatives in the Philippines. The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines provides the basis of ethical and accountable behavior in the public sector. Section 1 of Article XI states that: Public office i s a public trust. Public officers and employees must at all times be accountable to the people, serve them with utmost responsibility, integrity, loyalty, and efficiency, act with patriotism and justice, and lead modest lives. This provision requires every public official and employee to exhibit and live certain values while in government service. In addition, the State has been mandated by the Constitution to â€Å"maintain honesty and integrity in the public service and take positive and  effective measures against graft and corruption†. In 1989, the Philippine legislature passed Republic Act No. 6713, a law embodying the Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees. The Code spells out in fine detail the do’s and don’ts for government officials and employees in and out of the workplace. These do’s and don’ts are encapsulated in the eight norms of conduct to be observed by all government officials and employees. These norms or standard s are: †¢ Commitment to public interest †¢ Professionalism †¢ Justness and sincerity †¢ Political neutrality †¢ Responsiveness to the public †¢ Nationalism and patriotism †¢ Commitment to democracy †¢ Simple living The Code, likewise, introduced some reforms in the administrative systems like giving heads of agencies the responsibility of ensuring there is a value development program for their employees; continuing studies on work systems and procedures with the end in view of improving the delivery if public services; and, mandating the designation of a resident Ombudsman in every department, office and agency. Incentives and rewards system has also been put in place. Another comprehensive law passed to address and curb the commission of malfeasance in government is Republic Act No. 3019 or the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act. In Section 1 of this law, it states that: It is the policy of the Philippine Government, in line with the principle that a public office is a public trust, to repress certain acts of public officer and private persons alike which constitute graft and corrupt practices which may lead thereto. This law specifies eleven (1 1) instances of corrupt practices in addition to acts or omissions already penalized by existing laws. The legal infrastructure that prescribes ethical conduct of; public servants is reinforced by political commitment. This political commitment, while difficult to benchmark, has been demonstrated by some policy pronouncements.  Quite significant are the ten-point action agenda of the present Administration and the Medium-Term Development Plan (2000 2004) or Angat Pinoy 2004 which embody the framework for the country’s socioeconomic development. The agenda and the MTDP place the implementation of a sustained training and orientation program on anti-graft and corrupt practices and laws, and on the Ethical Standards Act of Public Officials and Employees among the Administration’s priorities to reduce graft and corruption and exact high standards of ethics in government. Proceeding from this, departments and agencies of the executivebranch have set up and implemented various programs that aim to eliminate bureaucratic red tape. One-stop action centers are now being promoted and institutionalized in the agencies. The legal infrastructure and political commitment are supported and complemented by the existence of oversight institutions. The creation of the oversight institutions that deal with issues of ethics, accountability, graft and corruption are mandated by the Constitution. The common feature of these institutions is they enjoy a substantive degree of fiscal autonomy in the sense that they are not subject to the fiscal controls of the executive. The budget is directly released to these institutions and the heads are authorized to realign savings from their budget. They also have quasi-judicial powers in that they can adjudicate and decide cases and enforce their own decisions, including the imposition of sanctions which may include suspension from office or even dismissal from government service. In the Philippines, the three constitutionally mandated oversight institutions are the Civil Service Commis sion, the Office of the Ombudsman and the Commission on Audit. The Civil Service Commission is the central personnel agency of the government. Under Section 3, Article IX-B of the Constitution, the CSC is mandated to â€Å"establish career service and adopt measures to promote morale, efficiency, integrity, responsiveness, progressiveness, and courtesy in the civil service.† It is also tasked to â€Å"institutionalize a management climate conducive to public accountability.† CSC’s effort involves in enforcing ethics and accountability of line agencies basically involves three approaches. One approach is regulatory, the other, corrective, and the last one, developmental. The first approach addresses compliance of-agencies with policies and standards on HRD systems set by the CSC. For instance, CSC prescribes qualification standards for  each and every position in the Philippine government. Non-compliance with the QS by agencies in the processing of appointments of their staff results in the disapproval by the CSC of such ap pointments.But, apart from the substantive requirements for practically all kinds of personnel actions such as the publication requirement and the promotion and selection board processes. Non-compliance with the procedural requirements constitutes ground for corrective or even punitive action. The second approach deals with disciplinary actions against official or employee for infractions committed in relation to the performance of his/her official functions. The Administrative Code of 1987 or Executive Order No. 292 outlines the various acts that are subject to administrative disciplinary proceedings. However, administrative discipline is not a function within the exclusive jurisdiction of CSC. Agency heads as well as the Office of the Ombudsman also have the authority to proceed against erring government officials and employees. The third approach is developmental and will be discussed later in the succeeding paragraph. The Office of the Ombudsman acts as a prosecutor against those charged with the violation of RA 3019, RA 6713 and the law against ill-gotten wealth, among others. It is mandated to investigate and prosecute the criminal liability of public officials and employees involved in graft and corruption. The Commission on Audit is the fiscal watchdog of the government. COA is responsible for ensuring legal and proper disbursement of public funds and preventing irregular, unnecessary, or extravagant expenditures or usage of public funds. It also has quasi-judicial powers. All these oversight institutions enforce accountability ethic in government. There have been numerous initiatives in promoting ethics and accountability in the public sector. As shown in the earlier discussions, all the above mechanisms focus on exacting as well as developing ethics and accountability consciousness in government officials and employees. The other approach that will be given emphasis in the discussion are the various developmental initiatives, which are within the area of knowledge and competence of the CSC. Rule III Reforms on Public Administrative Systems Section 1. Every department, office and agency shall, as soon as practicable and in no case later than ninety (90) days from the effectivity of these rules, start conducting value development programs for its officials and employees in order to strengthen their commitment to public service and help promote the primacy of public interest over personal interest in the performance of their duties. Such programs and other parallel efforts on value development shall include, among other things, the following subjects: (a) Ethical and moral values; (b) Rights, duties and responsibilities of public servants (c) Nationalism and patriotism; (d) Justice and human rights; (e) Democracy in a free and just society; (f) Philippine history. Culture and tradition; and (g) Socio-economic conditions prevailing in the country, especially in the depressed areas, and the need for a code of Conduct and Ethical Standards. Continuing refresher courses and seminars and/or workshops to promote a high standard of ethics in public service shall be conducted. Section 2. Professional, scientific, technical trainings and education programs shall enhance to the highest degree, professionalism, excellence, intelligence and skills in the performance and discharge of duties and responsibilities of officials and employees. These programs shall be conducted in all offices of the government and may include subjects that are enumerated in the preceding section. Section 3. It is the responsibility of every head of department, office and agency to ensure that officials and employees attend the value development program and participate in parallel value development efforts. Section 4. Every department, office and agency shall conduct continuing studies and analyses of their work systems and procedures to improve delivery of public services. Towards this end, such studies and analyses shall: (1) identify systems and procedures that lead or contribute to negative bureaucratic behavior; (2) simplify rules and procedures to avoid red tape; and (3) devise or adopt systems and procedures that promote official and employee morale and satisfaction. Each department, office or agency shall develop a service guide or its functional equivalent which  shall be regularly updated and made available to the transacting public. A workflow chart showing procedures or flow of documents shall likewise be posted in conspicuous places in the department, office or agency for the information and guidance of all concerned. Upon request, the Department of Budget and Management shall assists departments, offices and agencies in the evaluation and adoption of work systems and procedures that will institutionalize a management climate conducive to public accountability. Section 5. Every department, office and agency shall consult the public they serve for the purpose of gathering feedback and suggestions on the efficiency, effectiveness and economy of services. They shall establish mechanisms to ensure the conduct of public consultations and hearings. Section 6. Every department, office and agency shall continuously conduct research and experimentation on measures and adopt innovative programs which will provide motivation to officials and employees in raising the level of observance of public service ethical standards. Section 7. Every department, office and agency shall, appoint or designate a resident Ombudsman, who shall act immediately on all request for public assistance referred to him by the Ombudsman and his Deputies. He shall be held accountable for the disposition of all requests for assistance. Section 8. Government officials shall make themselves available to their staff for consultations and dialogues. In any industry the success of an organization is extremely dependent on its human resources. Although there are many other factors that play a key role, a company must have effective employees in order to stay financially solvent and competitive. In order to maintain this valuable commodity, organizations must be aware of employee satisfaction and retention. Many companies make the mistake of assuming that employees are only seeking financial benefits for their jobs. This assumption overlooks the high importance many people place on the intrinsic benefits of their careers. It is not only a mistake for employee satisfaction and retention, but it also has negative business consequences. Organizations must have employees who are able to quickly adapt to an ever-changing world market. Companies need to invest in on-going employee development in order to both keep employees and be successful. Employee development programs clearly play a significant role in employee satisfaction, which helps lead to employee retention. The Gallup study shows a clear link between training and job satisfaction. When people receive relevant and valuable training, they are generally happier in their jobs. When that training is carried to the next level and becomes overall development, employees tend to feel even more valued by their employers. They are not only given the tool to do their jobs well, but they are also given opportunities to develop new skills and attain career goals. Companies that invest in their employees and clearly communicate the importance of employees will keep employees. Although there are other factors that are important to job satisfaction and many reasons that employees may leave companies, development programs can still make a positive difference. They can make people feel like they are contributing to the organization’s success, which gives them intrinsic motivation to go to work everyday and do a good job. Companies that offer employee development programs enjoy the luxury of higher employee satisfaction and lower turnovers than those that do not invest in such endeavors. Although it is an investment, it is worthwhile for the returns. Employee Development programs benefit individuals as well as companies. Companies that do not offer on-going learning will not be able to keep with those that do. They may see times of financial gain, but they will lose in the race for intellectual capital. A company can only move as fast as its employees, so the ones that train and develop people will move much more quickly. Many companies view training as a time consuming burden that takes away from the time for employees to complete their job tasks. This concern may be true for companies that offer training in a vacuum and do not support it. However, those companies that offer employee development that is engrained throughout the organizational culture know that the money they put into training will hardly compare to the benefits they get out of it. Employee development can be viewed in two distinct ways. Either its primary purpose is to benefit the company and it is a side bonus that individuals get something out of it, or its primary purpose is to benefit individuals and it is a side bonus that the company gains from it. Either way, everyone wins. The ideal approach is to have equal emphasis on benefit to the company  and benefit to the employees because they are ultimately mutually beneficial to each other.

How to Write an Abstract for a Business Research Paper

How to Write an Abstract for a Business Research Paper How to Write an Abstract for a Business Research Paper An abstract for business research paper is a summary of the entire paper. Students doing business research papers often mistake abstracts to be the introductory paragraph since abstract appears at the beginning of the work. Business research papers are general audience papers that are likely to be read by any member of the society. The abstract is given much attention by the audience since it is a snapshot of the entire work. There are two types of abstract that can be developed in a business research paper: descriptive and informative abstracts. Students must decide which type of abstract to include in their business research papers though they accomplish the same goal. Descriptive abstracts are best suited for shorter business research papers while informative abstracts are for lengthy and technical research papers. Concisely, an abstract is supposed to explain the purpose of business research paper, its goals and methodology used for research. Results can be included in the abstract but they are only relevant if the paper if lengthy. In most cases, students use informative abstracts when they write their business research papers. Informative business research papers can be one page long. Students state the business problem or idea in the first sentence of abstract. This can be followed by a brief description stating why the idea is interesting or why the problem is worth consideration. Keen students always include reasons that motivate them to develop business research papers on the stated topic. It is important to state the scope of the paper in the abstract so that readers can understand the main target of the paper. The methodology sentence in a business research paper abstract gives an overview how the study was accomplished, how the researcher did his work and a brief description on the work of others who did business researches under the same topic. In an informative abstract, results must be discussed. Results are s imply the findings or the answers that the research sought to investigate. These are usually general findings, which support the hypothesis or the business idea under discussion. An abstract for business research papers should be able to summarize the whole business idea making the information understandable without necessarily reading the full report. A concise business abstract will be able to capture the reader’s imagination hence providing them with full and conclusive information should they otherwise decide not to read it in full. As the researcher, one must state the goals and objectives he or she intends to achieve. This is done by presenting a clear and critical outlining of the approach for achieving those goals i.e. the available research methodology and the thoroughness employed will help in capturing the reader’s confidence.